Euro-Debt Crisis and the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Euro-Debt Crisis and the European Union - Essay Example Rather than specifically call out any of the EU member states, Christine Lagarde calls on the ECB to fully commit reserve funding to deploy bailouts. The problem with this particular viewpoint is that the European Union is becoming more and more entwined with the internal political and economic desperation that is exhibited among the weakest links within the Union’s membership. Although attempting to save the European Union has been a central theme of the combined efforts of the world’s most influential financial body (the IMF), these efforts have dragged on and on and look increasingly unlikely to avert a crisis and/or disaster that is already unfolding before the eyes of the viewer (Wall Street Journal 1). The situation with Greece is but one example. Although the article in question deals mostly with the IMF’s implied directions regarding Spanish liquidity, this is just another example of the debt contagion that threatens to envelop the economies Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Ireland (PIIGS). In the article, Lagarde goes on to implore the domestic/state actors of the respective economies to fully cooperate with all haste and cooperation with the efforts of the European Central Bank. One interesting component of this advice is the fact that many of these state actors are playing a very tenuous balancing game. This balancing game is accented by attempting to employ the rigid austerity measures that the ECB requires in order for the disbursal of any further monetary aid/loans/bailout package, the fear that the European Union will eventually collapse and the consequential reaction to withhold resources in order to prepare for a worst-case scenario forcible exit from the Eurozone. It is for precisely this reason that Christine Lagarde is so adamant that each of these nations commits themselves fully to the proposition of saving the Euro.

Question of risk assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Question of risk assessment - Essay Example In case of an accident, there are possibilities of planning errors, storage errors, and execution errors in the management field. For example, if the employees of an organization went on strike demanding better remuneration and working conditions. The planning error can occur in this case where the management uses a wrong approach to the problem hence accelerating the problem. This can happen where the managements plans to fire the striking workers instead of addressing their grievances. The storage error that can happen in this scenario may involve how the management will try to contain the strike. Where the management decides to ignore the demands of the striking employees this amounts to a storage error. An execution error in this case may involve how the management makes the ultimate address to the strike. Where the management fires the striking employees, this will jeopardize the operations and performance of the organization. All these errors question the reliability of the sys tematic procedures adopted by the management as stipulated under the SHARP

Management Is A Universal Phenomenon Commerce Essay

Management Is A Universal Phenomenon Commerce Essay management is a purposive undertaking. It is certain thing that directs group efforts in the direction of the attainment of certain pre determined goals. It is the method of working with and through other ones to competently achieve the goals of the association, by efficiently utilising limited assets in the changing world. Of course, these goals may vary from one enterprise to another. E.g.: For one enterprise it may be launching of new products by conducting market reviews and for other it may be profit maximization by minimizing cost. management involves conceiving an interior natural environment: It is the management which places into use the diverse factors of production. Therefore, it is the blame of management to conceive such situation which are conducive to greatest efforts so that people are adept to perform their task effectively and effectively. It encompasses double-checking availability of raw components, conclusion of salaries and salaries, formulation of directions guidelines etc. thus, we can say that good management includes both being productive and efficient. Being effective means doing the befitting task i.e, fitting the square pegs in rectangle holes and aaaround pegs in aaaround holes. Being efficient means doing the task rightly, at least possible cost with smallest wastage of assets. management can be characterised in detail in following classes : 1. management as a Process 2. management as an undertaking 3. management as a control and respect 4. management as a assembly 5. management as a Science 6. management as an Art 7. management as a Profession http://www.managementstudyguide.com/what_is_management.htm history of mgt The verb organise arrives from the Italian maneggiare (to handle particularly tools), which in turn draws from from the Latin manus (hand). The French phrase mesnagement (later mà ©nagement) leveraged the development in significance of the English word administration in the 17th and 18th centuries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management historical theories of mgt Historical Theories of Management Scientific Management Theory (1890-1940) At the turn of the years, the most prominent organizations were large and industrialized. Often they encompassed ongoing, routine tasks that constructed a kind of goods. The United States highly prized scientific and technical affairs, encompassing very cautious estimation and specification of undertakings and results. management tended to be the same. Frederick Taylor evolved the :scientific management idea which espoused this very cautious specification and measurement of all organizational tasks. jobs were standardized as much as likely. employees were paid and punished. This approach emerged to work well for associations with assembly lines and other mechanistic, routinized activities. Bureaucratic Management Theory (1930-1950) Max Weber embellished the technical management idea with his bureaucratic idea. Weber concentrated on dividing associations into hierarchies, establishing strong lines of authority and control. He suggested associations evolve comprehensive and detailed benchmark functioning methods for all routinized tasks. Human Relations Movement (1930-today) finally, unions and government regulations answered to the rather dehumanizing consequences of these theories. More vigilance was granted to individuals and their exclusive capabilities in the association. A foremost belief encompassed that the association would prosper if its workers prospered as well. Human Resource agencies were supplemented to associations. The behavioral sciences performed a powerful function in helping to understand the needs of employees and how the needs of the association and its employees could be better aligned. diverse new ideas were spawned, numerous founded on the behavioral sciences (some had title like idea X, Y and Z). Traits of Progressive Management Development Programs With the Human Relations action, teaching programs recognized the need to cultivate supervisory skills, for example, delegating, career development, inspiring, coaching, mentoring, etc. Progressive management schools now have students reconsider a wide body of management topics and discover those topics by applying that information in the workplace and mirroring on that submission. Learning undertakings incorporate learners real-world undertakings in the workplaces or their lives. allotment encompass reflection and investigation on real-world know-how. discovering is enhanced through extending dialogue and repsonse among learners. Very good schools organise to include types of self-development, too, identifying that the cornerstone for effective management is effective self-management. productive management development programs help scholars (learners) take a systems view of their organizations, encompassing reconsider of how foremost functions effect each other. Assignments encompass identifying and addressing consequences of one activities on their whole organization. Contemporary Theories of Management Contingency Theory Basically, contingency idea asserts that when managers make a decision, they should take into account all facets of the current position and proceed on those facets that are key to the position at hand. Basically, its the approach that it depends. For example, the continuing effort to recognise the best authority or administration method might now conclude that the best style depends on the position. If one is premier troops in the Persian Gulf, an autocratic method is likely best (of course, numerous might argue here, too). If one is leading a clinic or university, a more participative and facilitative authority method is likely best. Systems Theory . systems theory has had a important effect on administration science and comprehending association. A scheme is a collection of part unified to complete an general goal. If one part of the scheme is removed, the nature of the scheme is altered as well. For demonstration, a stack of sand is not a scheme. If one eliminates a sand element, youve still got a stack of sand. However, a functioning car is a system. Remove the carburetor and youve no longer got a working car. A scheme can be looked at as having inputs, processes, yields and conclusions. systems share feedback amidst each of these four facets of the systems. Inputs would encompass resources such as raw materials, cash, technologies and people. These inputs proceed through a method where theyre designed, organized, inspired and controlled, ultimately to meet the organizations goals. Outputs would be goods or services to a market. Outcomes would be, e.g., enhanced value of life or productivity for customers/clients, productivity. repsonse would be data from human resources carrying out the method, customers/clients using the goods, etc. repsonse furthermore comes from the bigger natural environment of the association, for example, leverages from government, humanity, economics, and technologies. This overall system structure applies to any scheme, including subsystems (departments, programs, etc.) in the general organization. systems theory may appear quite rudimentary. Yet, decades of management teaching and practices in the workplace have not pursued this idea. Only lately, with tremendous alterations opposite organizations and how they function, have teachers and managers come to face this new way of looking at things. This understanding has brought about a important change (or paradigm shift) in the way management investigations and advances organizations. The effect of systems idea in administration is that writers, teachers, advisors, etc. are assisting managers to gaze at the organization from a broader viewpoint. Systems idea has conveyed a new viewpoint for managers to interpret patterns and events in the workplace. They recognize the various components of the association, and, in specific, the interrelations of the parts, for example, the coordination of centered management with its programs, technology with constructing, supervisors with employees, etc. This is a foremost development. In the past, managers normally took one part and concentrated on that. Then they moved all attention to another part. The difficulty was that an association could, e.g., have a magnificent centered administration and magnificent set of educators, but the agencies didnt synchronize Chaos Theory As chaotic and random as world events appear today, they appear as chaotic in organizations, too. Yet for decades, managers have acted on the basis that organizational events can always be controlled. A new idea (or some say science), chaos idea, recognizes that events indeed are rarely controlled. numerous chaos theorists (as do systems theorists) mention to biological systems when interpreting their idea. They propose that systems routinely proceed to more complexity, and as they do so, these systems become more volatile (or susceptible to cataclysmic events) and should expend more energy to maintain that complexity. As they consume more power, they search more structure to sustain stability. This trend extends until the scheme divides, blends with another convoluted scheme or falls apart solely. This tendency is what many see as the tendency in life, in organizations and the world in general. SCHOOL OF THOUGHT à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Animism The notion of animism is not now broadly utilised in anthropology and tends to be referred to more as a historical curiousness for what it can notify us about anthropological thought in the 19th years than for what it can state about the convictions of persons in the up to date world. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diffusionism Diffusionism is the term utilised by anthropologists and sociologists to account for the disperse, through time, of facets of culture-artistic traditions, language, melodies, myths, devout beliefs, communal association, technological ideas-from one humanity or assembly to another. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Evolutionism Evolutionism is a movement in anthropology and sociology which was much in vogue in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It mentions to ideas of change in which development is seen to proceed through stages of increasing complexity and diversification. It is closely related to the concept of progress and expertise, which is most prevalent in capitalist humanity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Functionalism functionalism refers to a variety of theories in the human sciences, all of which supply explanations of phenomena in periods of the function, or reason, they purportedly assist. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Marxist anthropology It developed out of two motives: the need to assess anthropologys chronicled connection with colonialism, arising out of a discontent with earlier functionalist paradigms for the study of societies; and to perform social investigation with a larger sense of political and financial perspectives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Postmodernism Anthropology in general has been examined as a especially sympathetic arena of the human sciences inside which to chase the postmodernist agenda, particularly with regard to matters of otherness, critiques of the programmes of the Enlightenment and elaborations of the idea of culture à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Primitivism Primitivism, in anthropology, mentions to a body of considered that there live remote and exotic primitive: peoples whose ways of life and technologies are considered to display assessed compare to those of modern societies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Relativism The conventional heritage relativism that most anthropologists, British or American, take to work with them is a blend of two notions: first, that insofar as there are behavioural differences between various populations of persons, these differences are the outcome of heritage (sometimes societal) variation rather than anything additional; and, second, that such dissimilarities as do live are warranting of respect and understanding in their own terms. MORE à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Structuralism Structuralism is the approach which seeks to isolate, and decode, deep organisations of significance, coordinated through systems of signals inherent in human demeanour (language, ceremonial, dress and so on. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Syncretism Syncretism is the method of mingling distinct philosophies, convictions or traditions of conviction and practice, producing in hybrid types. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Totemism J.F. McLennan (1869) posited a worldwide reverence for the mystical power of dwelling things, arguing that there is no race of men that has not arrive through this primitive stage of speculative belief. http://credoreference.libguides.com/content.php?pid=307806sid=2521183 4 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Management has been described as a communal process involving responsibility for economical and effective designing guideline of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given reasons. It is a dynamic process comprising of diverse elements and undertakings. These undertakings are distinct from operative purposes like trading, finance, purchase etc. Rather these undertakings are widespread to each and every manger irrespective of his grade or rank. distinct experts have classified functions of management. According to George Jerry, There are four fundamental functions of management i.e. designing, coordinating, actuating and controlling. According to Henry Fayol, To organise is to forecast and design, to coordinate, to order, to control. Whereas Luther Gullick has granted a keyword POSDCORB where P stands for Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for administering, Co for Co-ordination, R for describing B for making allowance for. But the most broadly accepted are functions of management granted by KOONTZ and ODONNEL i.e. designing, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and commanding. For theoretical reasons, it may be befitting to separate the function of management but virtually these purposes are overlapping in environment i.e. they are highly inseparable. Each function blends into the other each sways the performance of others. 4 FUNCTIONS PLANNING According to Koontz ODonell, PLANNING is concluding in advance what to do, how to do and who is to do it. PLANNING connections the gap between where we are to, where we want to proceed. It makes likely things to occur which would not else occur. PLANNING is deciding in accelerate what to do and how to do. It is one of the basic managerial functions. Before doing certain thing, the supervisor must formulate an concept of how to work on a specific task. therefore, PLANNING is nearly attached with creativity and discovery. But the supervisor would first have to set objectives, only then will a manager know where he has to proceed. Planning hunts for to bridge the gap between where we are and where we want to go. PLANNING is what managers at all grades do. It requires taking decisions since it engages making a choice from alternate techniques of activity. Importance of PLANNING: Æ’ËÅ" PLANNING presents directions Æ’ËÅ" PLANNING reduces the dangers of doubt Æ’ËÅ" PLANNING reduces overlapping and wasteful undertakings Æ’ËÅ" PLANNING promotes innovative ideas Æ’ËÅ" PLANNING facilitates decision making Æ’ËÅ" PLANNING sets up measures for controlling PLANNING method: Æ’ËÅ" Setting Objectives Æ’ËÅ" Developing Premises: Æ’ËÅ" recognising alternative techniques of activity Æ’ËÅ" assessing alternative techniques Æ’ËÅ" Selecting an alternative Æ’ËÅ" Implement the PLAN Æ’ËÅ" Follow-up action organising one time the PLANs have been laid down and objectives particular therein, the next step is to organize assets in a kind which leads to the accomplishment of objectives. Organizing can be characterised as a method that initiates implementation of PLANs by clarifying occupations and working relationships and competently establishing assets for attainment of recognised and yearned results or goals. The management function of organising double-checks that efforts are directed in the direction of the attainment of goals laid down in the PLANNING function in such a kind that resources are used optimally and people are adept to work collectively and competently for a common reason. Thus, it is in the context of productive management that the association function earns due importance. It is a means for converting PLANs into action. Importance of organising: Æ’ËÅ" assists in specialization Æ’ËÅ" Clarity in working relationships Æ’ËÅ" Optimum utilization of assets Æ’ËÅ" Adaptation to change Æ’ËÅ" productive management Æ’ËÅ" Development of staff Æ’ËÅ" Expansion and development Organizing process: Æ’ËÅ" Identification and division of work Æ’ËÅ" Departmentalization Æ’ËÅ" allotment of duties Æ’ËÅ" setting up describing connections Directing Directing refers to the process of instructing, directing, therapy, motivating and premier people in the association to accomplish its objectives. Directing integrates persons in the direction of accomplishment of widespread objectives. Through directing, managers not only notify the persons in the association as to what they should do, when they should do and how they should do but also glimpse that their instructions are implemented in correct perspective. Very often, this becomes important component in the effective and effective functioning of the organization. Directing as a function of management is concerned with instructing, directing and motivating people in the organization to accomplish its objectives. It involves overseeing people at work, making provision for the essential facilities and creating a work natural environment, whereby employees may present to the best of their abilities. It comprises of handing out instructions and instructions by a better to his subordinates. It furthermore encompasses the process of m9otivation subordinates and supplying authority with an comprehending of their hopes, beliefs and demeanour pattern. Through the administering function managers convey about a balance between one-by-one concerns of employees and the concerns of the organization as a whole. Directing is a function of all managers of the association. It is an ongoing activity of managers. significance of directing: Æ’ËÅ" It Initiates Actions Æ’ËÅ" It Ingrates Effort Æ’ËÅ" Means of Motivation Æ’ËÅ" It Provides steadiness Æ’ËÅ" contending up with the alterations Æ’ËÅ" Efficient Utilization of assets controlling Managerial command suggests the estimation of accomplishment against the benchmark and the correction of deviations to guarantee attainment of objectives according to plans (Koontz and O Donnel) controlling is one of the important functions of a manager. In alignment to request PLANed results from the subordinates, a supervisor needs to workout productive command over the undertakings of the subordinates. In other phrases, controlling means double-checking that undertakings in an organization are presented as per the PLANs. controlling also double-checks that an organizations resources are being utilised competently and efficiently for the accomplishment of predetermined goals. controlling is, therefore, a goal-oriented function. significance of controlling: Æ’ËÅ" Accomplishing organizational goals Æ’ËÅ" Judging accuracy of standards Æ’ËÅ" Making efficient use of assets Æ’ËÅ" advancing worker motivation Æ’ËÅ" Ensuring alignment and control and respect Æ’ËÅ" Facilitating coordination in activity Controlling method: Æ’ËÅ" Setting presentation standards Æ’ËÅ" Measurement of genuine presentation Æ’ËÅ" Comparison of genuine presentation with measures Æ’ËÅ" Analysing deviations Æ’ËÅ" Taking corrective activity (www.Seobyus.com) ( HubPages Inc., 2011) (excellentguru.com) (enotes.com) (managementstudyguide.com, 2008-2012)

C. Vann Woodwards The Strange Career Of Jim Crow Essay examples -- Ci

C. Vann Woodward's The Strange Career Of Jim Crow C. Vann Woodward illuminates one of the â€Å"ugliest† aspects of American societal history in his book The Strange Career of Jim Crow. His book is an overview of the development of the Jim Crow system, a set of racist laws put in place around the turn of the nineteenth century. Interestingly his book tracks the evolution of racism throughout American history. He not only shows where and when racism is developing but the different ways that the racism manifested itself in the North and South. C. Vann Woodward published the first edition of his book in 1955, while the racial atmosphere was in a tumultuous state. Black Americans at the time were still suffering from the effects of the Supreme Court Decision Plessy vs. Ferguson from 1896, the â€Å"separate but equal† distinction of the law. His book is published in the heat of these debates and racial struggle, posing the question how complete his book could be. He then republishes the book three more times, his second revised edition was published in 1966, his third in 1974, and the last in 2001. The book is based on lectures which he delivered at the University of Virginia in 1954. With every revision, he includes more evidence for arguments and responds to literary criticism. With the Civil Rights Movement raging around him, Woodward sought to explain the way the environment had come to be the way it was. In 1955 the Montgomery bus boycott was occurring as Woodward’s book was being published. With his first edition of the book, some of the most notable events of the civil rights movement had not yet occurred, Rosa Parks had not refused to give up her seat on the bus, the desegregation of schools was just beginning, and Martin ... ...at they could and they dealt with what they couldn't. The most interesting thing that Woodward does in his book is that he keeps perspective and he makes sure that he includes as much up to date information as possible. He is careful to keep his own personal opinions in perspective and bases most of the book on research. C. Vann Woodward himself comes from a background where he has dealt with much of what he writes about and he does not let his prior experiences interfere with his work. While he responds to the criticisms of his work he does not attack people he addresses the ideas. He uses many reliable sources from historical documents to his contemporaries. He gives both sides to every argument and point that he makes and he is very thorough. While he does not keep his opinions completely out of the book he includes his opposition and their opinions as well.

African Wild Dogs

Lycaon pictus, the scientific name for the African Wild Dog, literally translates into â€Å"painted or ornate wolf† (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). African Wild Dogs are some of the most beautiful and social canines in the world, but, sadly, this species is endangered. This essay will focus on a basic description of the African Wild Dog, along with the threats it faces and the projected outlook for this species. (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). The African Wild Dog has a slender body with long, muscular legs (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†).Typically, they will weigh between forty and eighty lbs. and can be anywhere from three and a half to five ft. long (including the length of the tail). African Wild Dogs are usually between two and two and a half ft. tall at the shoulder. The males also tend to be slightly larger than the females. Compared to wolves or coyotes, they are very lea n and tall. Unlike other canines, the African Wild Dog has only four toes on its front feet, as opposed to the typical five. This is because their dew-claw is missing.Other distinctive qualities are their large, round ears. (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). It is said that these ears are essential for hunting, during which a pack may use long distance vocal calls (G. Rhodes, and R. Rhodes). These ears also help with heat loss and regulation (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). However, an African Wild Dogs most distinctive quality is its coat; this species has a coat blotched in yellow, gray, black, white, and brown (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†).Most of the variation in color is on the body and legs (Creel, and Creel). The coloration on the dogs faces are all very similar, with a black muzzle shading to brown on the cheeks and forehead, a black line extending up the forehead, and blackish-br own on the backs of the ears. There is never white on the head. The back part of the head and the top of the neck are consistently brown or yellow. However, colors on the body and legs are unpredictable. (Creel, and Creel). The fur on its bushy tail is almost always white (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†).An African Wild Dog’s fur is slightly longer around the head and body, and shorter on the legs (â€Å"African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)†). However, wild dogs tend to have sparse hair, though there is variation among individuals (Creel, and Creel). This variation is related to age—young pups and dogs have more hair than adult dogs, and old dogs can become almost hairless. Hair is particularly lost on the head, which begins to look grey as the skin shows through. (Creel, and Creel). Underneath its fur, African Wild Dogs have blackish/grey skin (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†).Every wild dog has a differe nt patterned coat with all the individuality of a snowflake or a fingerprint. It is the coat that can allow scientists to tell each animal apart. There has also been evidence to suggest that the dogs are able to use their distinctive coats to tell each other apart; this is why dogs can easily identify other wild dogs that are not in their pack, or spate packs that might pose a threat. (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). African Wild Dogs live in packs, and have a very unusual social system (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†).In their packs, only the dominant male and female are allowed to reproduce, which leads to alliances among dogs of the same sex. Packs can range anywhere from two to twenty seven individuals, and new packs form when a subgroup (usually females, and sisters) separate from their pack and join with another subgroup that is composed of males. The sisters typically separate once they reach sexual maturity. Afri can Wild Dogs usually hunt in the cool of dusk and dawn in order to avoid other predators like lions, and the pups are usually allowed to eat first after prey has been killed. (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†).As stated previously, only the dominant male and female are allowed to reproduce (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). However, all African Wild Dogs will reach sexual maturity in about two years, though mating does not usually occur until much later. The dominant female can give birth during any time of the year, though birthing tends to be more common between March and June. Gestation averages around ten weeks, and the litter averages around ten pups, though twenty pups have been recorded in one litter. The African Wild Dog has one of the largest litters in the canine world.Pups are born in a den (usually an abandoned aardvark hole) and will stay there with their mother for three-four weeks. While the mother and pups a re refined to the den, other pack members will regurgitate food for them. Once the pups mature enough to leave the den, they become the responsibility of the whole pack, often nursing off of females that are not their mother. However, pups are weaned anywhere from one-three months after birth. It generally takes twelve-fourteen months before another litter is born. (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†).The African Wild Dog (which has a life expectancy of about ten years in the wild) typically lives in savannas (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). Savannas are found on either side of the equator on the edges of tropical rainforests most typically in Africa, though also occurring in select parts of South America and Australia (â€Å"Savanna†). In savannas, it is warm all year round, and there is not enough rainfall to support a forest. During its dry season, a savanna will only receive an average of four inches of rain fall. However, during the wet season, a savanna might get up to twenty five inches.In savannas, there is a lot of grassland, with scattered shrubs and isolated trees. Animal life includes many herbivores that consume grass, and also predators that control the herbivore populations. (â€Å"Savanna†). When African Wild Dogs are not breeding, they become nomadic and wander over large distances in search of prey; home ranges can be as large as 5,000 square kilometers, but are often much smaller (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). These dogs are on the third trophic level because they eat herbivores, usually impala, antelope, and sometimes prey as large as wildebeests.There have been cases where a hungry wild dog will consume seventeen to nineteen lbs. of meat, or about 1/3 of its own weight. However, African Wild Dogs will never scavenge. Therefore, the African Wild Dogs fill a carnivorous predator niche, helping to regulate and control ungulate (animals w ith hooves) populations. (â€Å"Lycaon pictus — Details African Wild Dog†). African Wild Dogs are considered endangered because they have disappeared from much of their range (McNutt et al. ). These dogs are virtually nonexistent in West Africa, and greatly reduced in central and north-east Africa.The largest populations remain in southern Africa, and studies suggest that between 3,000–5,500 wild African Wild Dogs remain in Africa today. These dogs are in danger for several reasons, one of which being habitat loss and fragmentation. When their habitat is broken up, it increases contact with humans which can lead to issues such as poaching (when wild dogs prey on livestock) and road kill. These dogs need a lot of space to roam in search of prey (because of other predators that fill the same niche), so even reserves aren’t always effective because humans live right on the border.While smaller fenced reserves have been able to effectively contain these anima ls, fencing can be expensive and allow an outbreak of disease to wipe out the entire population. This is because wild dogs live at low population densities due to predation by lions and competition with hyenas. Such low population density makes the dogs susceptible to disease, and makes the epidemic that much more deadly. (McNutt et al. ). African Wild Dogs were declared vulnerable in 1986, and became endangered in 1990 and their population is decreasing (McNutt et al. . Wild dogs are legally protected across much of their range. However, this protection is rarely enforced and wild dogs are extinct in several countries despite severe legal protection. Conservation priorities include maintenance and expansion of habitat available to wild dogs, working with local people to reduce deliberate killing of wild dogs, establishing effective techniques for protecting small wild dog populations from infections, and continuation of long-term monitoring of populations in order to identify emerg ing threats.Re-establishment of extinct populations through reintroduction currently has a low priority in most areas, although natural recolonizations should be encouraged. (McNutt et al. ). Due to their decreasing populations, need for expansive space, and susceptibility to disease, it appears as if the future for this amazing species is grim. Not enough is being done to preserve this animal because laws are not being enforced, and humans are crowding and destroying their habitat.If African Wild Dogs are to survive, humans need to be extremely proactive in their protection of this species. African Wild Dogs should be reintroduced into habitat where they used to survive, and laws for the protection of these dogs need to be more regulated and enforced. These animals will also need a lot more habitat than they have now, and it will probably be very difficult to find the space for reserves necessary for the survival of this species. If humans truly decide to save the African Wild Dog from extinction, it can certainly be done, but it won’t be easy.

The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1

The Kite Runner Chapter Review of Narrative Aspects Chapter 1; It is December 2001, and our narrator, recalls an event that occurred in 1975, when he was twelve years old and growing up in Afghanistan. He doesn’t say what happened, but says it made him who he is. He follows this recollection by telling us about a call he received last summer from a friend in Pakistan, Rahim Khan. Rahim Khan asks Amir, to come to Pakistan to see him. When Amir gets off the phone, he takes a walk through San Francisco, where he lives now.He notices kites flying, and thinks of his past, including his friend Hassan. Narrative aspects: Narrative voice: 1st person narrative, ‘I became what I am today’ – Amir tells us a story about his past, and what he remembers, from his point of view. Indirect speech, ‘I thought about something Rahim Khan said†¦. There is a way to be good again. ’ – it doesn’t let the reader make a relationship with the other cha racter, as this chapter is all about Amir.Setting: Introduces the alley almost straight away, ‘I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years’ – it gives us a mysterious setting, and the alley becomes a key symbol of misdeeds in the novel. Talks about where he is while telling the story, ‘like a pair of eyes looking down on San Francisco. ’ – gives us a brief idea of where he is and wants us to find out why he is there, as it also talks about Afghanistan and Pakistan.Structure: the repetition of kites, ‘saw a pair of kites, red with long blue tails, soaring in the sky. ’ ‘twin kites. ’ – significant because it sticks in a reader’s brain as they try to work out how the kites may be significant in the rest of the novel. Which they find out they are. Also ‘twin kites’ can refer to Hassan and Amir, as they are brothers and the last kite they ran together made their fr iendship fall apart. Non- linear, it talks about different points of his life in a very short amount of time, because he is ooking back on his life as well as telling the reader what is happening in his life while he is telling the story. Form: Monologue, speaks in broken language, almost like in his thoughts he can’t put in words what he is thinking and what he remembers, ‘I looked up at those twin kites. I thought about Hassan. Thought about Baba. Ali. Kabul. ’- it gives the reader an impression that there is a lot to find out about Amir. Retrospective Narrative, he is looking back on his past, and the opening chapter makes us curious about what will happen next. The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1 The Kite Runner Chapter Review of Narrative Aspects Chapter 1; It is December 2001, and our narrator, recalls an event that occurred in 1975, when he was twelve years old and growing up in Afghanistan. He doesn’t say what happened, but says it made him who he is. He follows this recollection by telling us about a call he received last summer from a friend in Pakistan, Rahim Khan. Rahim Khan asks Amir, to come to Pakistan to see him. When Amir gets off the phone, he takes a walk through San Francisco, where he lives now.He notices kites flying, and thinks of his past, including his friend Hassan. Narrative aspects: Narrative voice: 1st person narrative, ‘I became what I am today’ – Amir tells us a story about his past, and what he remembers, from his point of view. Indirect speech, ‘I thought about something Rahim Khan said†¦. There is a way to be good again. ’ – it doesn’t let the reader make a relationship with the other cha racter, as this chapter is all about Amir.Setting: Introduces the alley almost straight away, ‘I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years’ – it gives us a mysterious setting, and the alley becomes a key symbol of misdeeds in the novel. Talks about where he is while telling the story, ‘like a pair of eyes looking down on San Francisco. ’ – gives us a brief idea of where he is and wants us to find out why he is there, as it also talks about Afghanistan and Pakistan.Structure: the repetition of kites, ‘saw a pair of kites, red with long blue tails, soaring in the sky. ’ ‘twin kites. ’ – significant because it sticks in a reader’s brain as they try to work out how the kites may be significant in the rest of the novel. Which they find out they are. Also ‘twin kites’ can refer to Hassan and Amir, as they are brothers and the last kite they ran together made their fr iendship fall apart. Non- linear, it talks about different points of his life in a very short amount of time, because he is ooking back on his life as well as telling the reader what is happening in his life while he is telling the story. Form: Monologue, speaks in broken language, almost like in his thoughts he can’t put in words what he is thinking and what he remembers, ‘I looked up at those twin kites. I thought about Hassan. Thought about Baba. Ali. Kabul. ’- it gives the reader an impression that there is a lot to find out about Amir. Retrospective Narrative, he is looking back on his past, and the opening chapter makes us curious about what will happen next.

Examining The Evolution Of Christianits Routes Theology Religion Essays

Examining The Evolution Of Christianits Routes Theology Religion Essays Examining The Evolution Of Christianits Routes Theology Religion Essay Examining The Evolution Of Christianits Routes Theology Religion Essay Christianity s paths can be traced back all the manner back to the Roman Empire and the Empire of Judah. Since so, Christianity has gone through a series of major alterations runing from Emperor Constantine of Constantinople supplying province backing to the Christian Church to Martin Luther who created a new subdivision of Christianity called Lutheranism subsequently known as Protestantism that have transformed Christianity into the faith we know today. Christianity foremost began with the instructions of Jesus Christ, a Jew Born of Mary in the metropolis of Bethlehem. From at that place on, Christianity had non evolved much due to the instructions of Jesus go arounding chiefly around the thought of love and peace. After he was crucified under[ I ]Pontius Pilate, the fifth[ two ]prefect of the Roman Province of Judaea, Christianity began a journey through legion societal and political alterations that alter it sometimes for the good and sometimes for the worse. After Jesus was cruci fied on the cross, his 12 Disciples set out to distribute the message of Christianity which finally reached the Gatess of the Roman Empire, which at the clip had a polytheistic position of faith. Although we do non cognize the exact twelvemonth Christianity was founded in Rome, A missive written by Paul or Saul which was his Judaic name to the Romans show that there was a booming Christian Culture by the early 50s of the first century C.E. The Christian in Rome nevertheless, were non treated with the equality so much described in Rome s Democratic authorities. They were frequently known as whipping boies every clip something bad happened to Rome because of their monotheistic faith. By the 250s C.E Rome had begun a monolithic economic and societal diminution that would last for over 320 old ages. The Romans realized that the decay of the Roman Empire was due to the disregard of their Supreme beings and Goddesses that had made Rome strong in the first topographic point. In order to an tagonize this, Emperor Decius ordered that all of his Roman topics make forfeits to their province Supreme beings. He was particularly rough on the Christians. After Decius s decease, his replacements were even harsher in the enforcing of the edict. They threatened decease to anyone who attended service of the church. The persecutions all ceased during the regulation of Emperor Constantine. Because Constantine s female parent Helena was a devout Christian, Constantine passed the Edict of Milan in 313 C.E which allowed spiritual tolerance and extended it to all faiths. The faith that most benefited from this Edict was Christianity. Constantine being a Christian himself gave the church during his clip province backing which made Christianity church politically and socially a desirable faith to change over to. From at that place on, Christianity splintered into 3 chief subdivisions, The Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant. Throughout the first 5 centuries Christianity was a booming faith. However with the debut of new faiths, Christianity began a diminution in the figure of followings. For four and a half centuries get downing from 500 to 950C.E, Christianity faced a societal every bit good as a political diminution. This diminution can be attributed to 3 factors. The first factor that attributed to the diminution of Christianity was weakening of the Roman Empire. By the 500s C.E, Rome was fundamentally a Christian Empire. The 2nd factor relates back to the first. The 2nd factor is the invasion of Rome by the savages of the North. The Barbarians were most Germanic and permitted to settle within the confines of the Roman Empire. They did non absorb rapidly or easy nevertheless. Because most of the invading savages were Pagan, they of course spread their faith as they continued to suppress the remainder of Rome. The 3rd and concluding factor in Christianity s decay from the universe was the conquest of the Arabs who bared a faith of their ain, Islam. In the exhaustion and near decay of the Roman Empire, the Arabs took advantage of this and began their conquering and overran most of Syria, Egypt, Palestine, and most of the other states under Roman Empire control. In the lands that the Arabs had conquered, many Christianity to Islam transitions were forced taking to the diminution of the figure of Christianity believers. Although Rome being overrun by the barbarian encroachers, Christianity someway managed to last. The division of Christianity began famously by an Emperor named Diocletian who divided Christianity into east and western disposals in the early 400s C.E. Though subsequent leaders tried to derive control over both sides, the integrity of eastern and western Christianity would finally crumple with the decease of Emperor Theodosius who made Christianity the official faith of Rome in 395 C.E and was the last individual to govern over a sacredly and politically united Rome. Following his decease, a lasting division of Rome into a western and eastern halves each ruled by an independent Roman Emperor took topographic point. Consequently, when Germanic barbarians over ran the western portion of the Roman Empire which was place to the Roman Catholic Church, go forthing the eastern portion of the Roman imperium which was place to the Eastern Orthodox Church unscathed. This farther deepened the spl it between the E and West Christians. Other factors for the split or Great Schism as it was called were differences in civilization. The prevailing linguistic communication in the West was Latin while the prevailing linguistic communication in the E was Grecian. And with the Language barrier intensifying so did the cultural barrier. Christianity so became so detached and diluted that it was virtually gone from the universe. Christianity so underwent another period of transmutation. A period of resurgence by the Scandinavians helped Christianity spread once more. A few decennaries after 950 C.E, the Scandinavians became externally Christian. Slowly but certainly, the Pagan Scandinavians along with the other savages who had laid waste to the Roman Empire began to distribute the word of Christianity. Conversions to Christianity were really common. In 878 C.E Alfred the Great after get the better ofing a Danish Invader required that the encroacher be baptized for the monetary value of peace and finally many of the Danes adopted Christianity as their official faith. In around 1050 C.E, Canute, the King of Denmark and England, gave up his office to distribute the Christian religion. The Roman Catholic Church so unwittingly developed another subdivision of Christianity called Protestantism. Protestantism was a motion that began in the early sixteenth century to conflict against mediaeval Roman Catholic belie fs and patterns. Protestantism unsurprisingly broke off from the Roman Catholic Church after Pope Leo excommunicated Martin Luther a German Priest. Martin Luther was excommunicated for many grounds. He believed that freedom from the penalty of God due to transgress could be bought with money. This belief at that clip went against Catholic belief. He was besides excommunicated because he refused to retreat his Hagiographas despite the demands of Pope Leo X and the[ three ]Imperial Estates of the[ four ]Diet of Worms. Major differences in the beliefs and patterns many people had while Christianity was unified, finally split and splintered Christianity into the 3 chief subdivisions we know today with a many other denominations Those 3 chief subdivisions of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, The East Orthodox Church, and Protestantism.

Vaccinating your pets speech Essays

Vaccinating your pets speech Essays Vaccinating your pets speech Paper Vaccinating your pets speech Paper The little boy ended up having to shoot him as he started to become rabid. Talk about an impact on my life as child seeing that. Pets are part of our family, and if we can protect our family from harm then of course were going to do as much as possible. Well same goes for your extended family; your pets. Currently I am a Manager at a Doggy Daycare Facility. Pre-opening the owner and I took a class on which vaccines were required in the daycare setting and why. We took a class on nutrition, and also a doggy CPRM class. As we go along, and the longer we are open we eve learned even more about the many different types of vaccines and have a great relationship with many of the surround veterinarians. Vaccines can help prevent and fend off a lot of different diseases out there that can be passed specie to specie or even animal to animal. Vaccines can benefit youre pet in within moderate proportions. We are going to talk about how to know what vaccines to give, when to get them, and at what ages should you start and stop certain vaccines. Research, research, research. BODY Which Vaccines are relevant to your pet? Never take the first opinion given to you about what vaccines are needed. If your veterinarian has not asked about previous vaccinations or where youre pet came from. If they dont ask the environment they are going to be living in. Depending on your and your pets lifestyle will depend on the vaccinations you should get, there Is no need to over vaccinate. Transition: We always need to keep In m ind that knowledge isnt only power its how we can keep our family safe and healthy. When to get the vaccines done? Most veterinarians will tell you right away how often each vaccine needs to be updated. When starting out there are a few shots that have to have several boosters before it can become a yearly or even a every three year shot. Keep a copy of your vaccination records for your pet on hand they will have the date given and the date expired. Transition: Its like having a furry kid, the first times they get shots you Just want to give them lots of love and let them know its for the better of their health. What age do you start and stop giving your pet the vaccinations. Always talk to your vet and do a little research yourself It depends on the type of animal and the breed. Translator: A Healthy family Is a happy family, furry or otherwise. CONCLUSION Now we Know wince vaccines, at want tale Ana now oaten snouts De given so we can better protect our pets. Helping people get in the know of the importance of vaccinating their pets, and helping them know what they should be looking for will help not only owners be more aware but help the spread of diseases among pets. Think about if back in the Old Yeller days, they could have had the Rabies Vaccinations, Old Yeller could have lived out his days with his newly found family and died an old happy dog and that little boy would not of had to put down his best friend. Using smart preventive ways to give our pets the best life they can possibly eve in the short time they are here is our way of saying I love you and will take care of you as my own. Such short little lives our pets have to spend with us, and they spend most of it waiting for us to come home each day.

9 Tips for Handling a Difficult Coworker

9 Tips for Handling a Difficult Coworker No matter where you work, there always seems to be at least one coworker who is difficult to deal with. Sometimes, that coworker even turns into a bully, and that can affect your job performance and self-esteem when all you want to do it get along and get the job done. If you let it go, you can end up losing your temper, and that could adversely affect you both personally and professionally. However, there are some ways you can get along or defuse the situation to make life easier on the job. 1. Difficult CoworkersAll work situations have difficult coworkers from health care jobs to sales jobs. It may be the office gossip, the one who never seems to be able to get the job done without help or the serial dodger, who never seems to take responsibility and blames everyone else for his or her shortcomings. Then there is the nasty coworker, who never has anything nice to say about you, no matter what. Your first step in dealing with difficult coworkers is to identify who they are to ensur e you aren’t blaming the wrong person.2. Discuss the ProblemWith a workplace bully or backstabber, it may be necessary to confront the person instead of letting the behavior continue. Having a calm discussion about the problem may have a surprising response. Some people do not realize the adverse impact their statements and actions have on others and be genuinely surprised and taken aback. Try to talk reasonably and hold your temper, but let the person know that you will take the issue to a superior if the actions continue.3. Talk to a FriendA little unbiased opinion is never harmful, so talking over your coworker situation with a friend can be a good idea. It not only lets you vent your frustrations but can give you an unbiased opinion of what may be going on and how to handle the situation.4. Use Humor to Defuse a SituationWhile this type of tactic can work for some people, not everyone is able to make a humorous comment to defuse a situation spontaneously. A light bit of h umor might be the tactic for you if you have a funny side.5. Have an Exit StrategyHaving an excuse to get away from a difficult coworker can help. Whether inventing a phone call you have to make, work you have to do right away or another excuse, spend as little time with the toxic coworker as possible. When people realize they aren’t being listened to, they give up.6. Keep Your Co-Worker Problem PrivateYou don’t want your character questioned, so maintain your cool when faced with a problem co-worker. Complaining to others in the office might get you branded as a problem yourself, so keep any complaining down to those in your family or a close friend outside the office. Going public with grievances is always a bad idea.7. Be Bigger Than Your Co-WorkerYou know the old adage, â€Å"You can attract more flies with honey than with vinegar.† This applies to coworkers too. It doesn’t mean you have to come in every day with a new joke or be the person who organi zes birthday parties. However, just being pleasant, smiling and polite can improve another person’s attitude toward you.8. A Friend Can’t Be an EnemyWhile it doesn’t work in all cases, being friendly but not overly friendly to a difficult coworker can produce positive results. If the problem is gossip, having a friendly conversation can set things straight. If, on the other hand, the coworker is trying to take credit for work you have done, you can let your boss know beforehand that you are working on a certain aspect of a project, so you will get the credit.9 Go to Your BossNo one likes to do this, but sometimes there is no other choice if your requests to your toxic coworker have fallen on deaf ears. If you do decide to take the matter up with your supervisor, make sure to go armed with the information you need to make your case. Take notes on how this person’s actions are affecting your work and productivity on projects, and write down exactly what tha t person is doing to adversely affect your work.Whether working in a health care job or another field, there are ways to deal with toxic coworkers to make your job easier. Searching for a job can be easier too. TheJobNetwork lets you enter your job interests and qualifications and does the job search for you. All you have to do is enter your qualifications and interests in employment, and you will receive job alerts via email to choose which jobs interest you. To get started now, sign up with TheJobNetwork.

Cost of Operation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cost of Operation - Research Paper Example The final factor that needs to be bought to one’s attention is flexibility which can be defined as the ability to support a change in business. If a company is not able to control these five operational performance objectives then clearly it won’t be an easy job for it to thrive in this already competitive industry. This essay discusses all these factors in relation to Airblue and gives a clear application of the five operational performance objectives to its business. I chose AirBlue for this assignment in view of the fact that it is one of the most renowned names when it comes to the airline industry and because I felt I would easily be able to explain the effect of these factors on its operations with sufficient detail. Airblue was launched in 2004 when the local market started witnessing an increased demand for high quality travel. The company’s ownership includes a group of top class investors with Mr. Tariq Chaudhary having a majority stake alongside holding the position of CEO and Chairman of the Board of Airblue. The company is registered as a private company and has its registered office in the famous towers of Islamabad Stock Exchange. The airliner has also successfully been able to obtain the IATA and ICAO airline designations. Currently it has a fleet of 14 Airbus A319 and A321 planes. Ever since its launch, the airliner has continually stretched out its operations and fleet in line with an ever escalating demand for the high quality flights it provides. Although initially it served only to customers travelling within Pakistan, the company has now expanded its operations by offering international flights to Manchester, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Oman and Muscat. According to many market analysts, the focal reason for the airline’s success has been its provision for high quality travel at an

Tobacco companies imply that Snus is the new safer way to smoke, is Essay

Tobacco companies imply that Snus is the new safer way to smoke, is that enitrely true - Essay Example Regardless of findings, tobacco was responsible for over 1 million deaths in 1990. (Tobacco and health 2007) The results include both smoked and non smoked forms of tobacco. Snus is a product that is made of tobacco. It is similar to cigarettes accept it is not smoked by the consumer and inhaled through the lungs. Snus is a low moisture tobacco product that is in a bag similar to a tea bag. The consumer uses the snus in the gum line. The snus is then dissolved in the mouth to release nicotine. (J Foulds, L Ramstrom, M Burke, K Fagerstro?m2003) What is important to consider is whether or not consumers believe that snus is safer then smoking. Since snus is not inhaled in the lungs and through the air passages, it does reduce the risk of lung cancer. Yes, this is an important risk reduction when choosing snus instead of traditional smoking but lung cancer is not the only problem associated with tobacco use. Tobacco use regardless of the form is harmful to many areas of the body and cont ains many carcinogens and added ingredients. Tobacco comes in many different forms and is thought of in the United States as being unsafe regardless of which tobacco form is used. Since tobacco is portrayed as unsafe, does the public actually think that snus is safer than traditional forms of smoking such as cigarettes, roll your own, or pipes. In a study conducted by Nicotine & Tobacco Research Volume 9, Number 10 (October 2007) 1033–1042, it was found that only as much as 20% of tobacco users through many different countries thought that smokeless tobacco like snus was less harmful than traditional forms of tobacco. These findings are a great supporting document that consumers do not believe claims that are made by tobacco companies. If the tobacco companies claim that snus is a safer tobacco but only 20% believe it is, tobacco companies are proved to be unreliable. It is a fact that tobacco companies produce false statements. The question, tobacco companies imply that snus is the new safer way to smoke, is that entirely true? This is a mixed statement. Research does show that snus is a safer way to smoke because it is not smoked. The question itself and the claim do not really make any sense when further explored. Any type of product that is not smoked is likely to be less harmful of a product then one that is smoked. Statement like that made by tobacco companies are a cheap way to cover up the damage that has been done already by the tobacco industry. Further exploration of the statement would reveal that not smoking something will always be less harmful then not smoking something. The real question that should be explored is whether or not the chemicals in the snus are as harmful as the chemicals in traditional forms of smoking. Snus may be safer to the respiratory system since it is not directly inhaled but snus is reportedly just as harmful to other areas of the body and does pose devastating health risks like that of cigarettes. Snus is harmful to the digestive, cardiovascular and metabolic systems in the human body. A study conducted by Roth Associates Inc, shows that snus does have less risks then smoking but is still harmful. This study supports the statement that snus is less harmful then smoking. Although the product is less harmful it can still be damaging. Chemicals in snus are damaging and increase high blood pressure. An increase in high blood pressure leads to cardiac arrest, stroke and an increase in heart

Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resource - Essay Example Alternatively, I would set aside the elections based on the Taft- Hartley provisions and the circumstances of the case. The law stipulates employees’ freedom and right to determine their representative union and prohibits any form of threat of reprisal from the employer. The supervisor, being a recognized representative of the employer, however expressed interest in the union’s meeting by making multiple appearances around the meeting. Such a repetitive act was therefore not coincidental and indicated a motive to influence employees’ representation. The supervisor’s appearances around the union’s meeting could also have implications such as identifying members of the unions, based on their past unionism initiatives, and influencing elections results to favor some unions. The employer is also vicariously liable for the supervisor’s actions. These therefore mean that the employer’s behavior, through its supervisor, identifies significant threat of reprisal against the union and therefore contravenes employees’ freedom and right to determine their union of representation (Carter and Rausch,

Performance Measurement Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Performance Measurement Methods - Assignment Example Consequently, it is important to have a form of performance measurement tool or method that matches the exact form of performance variable being measured. It is against this background that different types of performance metrics have been devised. Likierman (2009) attempted to discuss some of the key performance measurement methods by focusing on things that organizations must avoid if they do not want to fall into the trap of wrong performance measurement. One of these traps was mentioned to be describing against yourself. This is the process of looking to one’s organization alone when measuring performance. As this is seen to be a trap, it means the best method for growth is to measure performance by having benchmarks that makes an organization look beyond itself. In my current organization, there are several ways that performance can be improved with we are to set benchmarks in our performance measurement. Very specifically, it is important for the organization to look at some of its key competitors and the output of work that comes from these companies. Based on such figures, out organization may also set its own goals so as to make it an industry leader rather than focusing only on its internal efforts. In another instance, Likierman (2009) makes mention of looking backwards as a major trap that defeats the goal of achieving effective performance measurement. Reviewing the annual reports of most companies, it would be seen that the companies quantify their output of work based on what was achieved in the previous year. Likierman (2009) however refuse to see this as an effective way of measuring performance. This means that the right method is to forecast by making projections of what the company wants to achieve. This method can clearly be applied in my current organization to ensure its growth and development. To do this, it would be important for the

The Reasons Why Some People Stay in Abusive Relationships despite the Research Paper

The Reasons Why Some People Stay in Abusive Relationships despite the Risks - Research Paper Example It is estimated that approximately 1.5 million women in the US encounter violence from their male partners annualy. However, statistics also indicate that men are also victims of domestic violence, with 2010 reports showing that approximately 40% of domestic violence cases involved men. In addition, it has been observed that 85% of violent women are more likely to use deadly weapons such as knives, hot water, blunt objects among others on their victims as opposed to the 15% of men (Vernick 15-23). Majority of victims in violent relationships opt to divorce their partners, but there are those who opt to remain in such relationships despite the hardships. A person who has never experienced such violence may wonder why a person in his or her right mind may wish to stay in such a relationship; however, there are reasons as to why this happens. This paper is a critical evaluation of why people stay in abusive relationships. Discussion Penia notes that â€Å"In an abusive relationship, ab usive language, violence, threats, sexual coercion and unfulfilled duties and promises are common† (20). ... The deprivation of basic needs is also a common means of achieving the same ends. As a result, the victim gradually wears out physically and emotionally. With time, the victim loses body strength, fails to attentively concentrate on his or her work, suffers bouts of depression and trauma, health problems arise due to poor appetite and constant worry, and the victim loses morale. As the victim weakens, the perpetrator’s control increases and acts of aggression increase in intensity and severity. Acts of aggression are focused on the victim or the designated prey of the attack, but in other instances they may be directed towards a close relative. In both cases, domination over the victim is the key objective of the perpetrator. One such example of indirect domestic abuse is verbal insults and dehumanizing treatment directed towards the victim’s close relative. Abusive relationships do not discriminate. This is to mean that they don’t have demographic boundaries or preferences. Volpe indicates that â€Å"For one, gay individuals are at the same risk of aggressive relationships and abuse as are heterosexual couples† (8). Therefore, abusive relationships have the same prevalence of occurrence within different races, economic standing, societal status, degree of literacy, and so forth. Women are considered as the weaker sex and hence are more susceptible to victimization than men. However, cases of male victims are also common, especially in verbal and emotional abuse. Psychologists indicate that the emotional abuse that results from abusive relationships is as damaging and detrimental to the victim as the physical abuse. Effects of the emotional abuse have

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Assignment - Essay Example The steles also have various heights. The placements create paths that are narrow and can only accommodate one person at a time. The unevenness of the steles reminds the viewers of the scattering of the Jews throughout the world. Unlike the small statues dedicated to the Jews, this Memorial is larger like those found at the actual camps. It is a massive reminder of the devastation the Holocaust cost not only the Jews, but the German people as a whole. Many people were involved with this project. Richard Serra started off the project, but quit over artistic differences. Lea Rosh, a journalist, wanted a visible memorial for the Holocaust. In Germany, the Holocaust was a shameful topic. The Germans did not want to speak of the past. Different governments backed and stalled the project. Finally the project was funded in 1999. Eisenman wanted to honor victims first, but make Germany as a whole remember the atrocities of the Third Reich for future generations. Instead of a small memorial, he created a large area that cannot be ignored by Berliners. Unlike their ancestors, Berliners today and in the future will not be able to turn away from the ugly truth. The Holocaust happened and needs to be

The Reasons Why Some People Stay in Abusive Relationships despite the Research Paper

The Reasons Why Some People Stay in Abusive Relationships despite the Risks - Research Paper Example It is estimated that approximately 1.5 million women in the US encounter violence from their male partners annualy. However, statistics also indicate that men are also victims of domestic violence, with 2010 reports showing that approximately 40% of domestic violence cases involved men. In addition, it has been observed that 85% of violent women are more likely to use deadly weapons such as knives, hot water, blunt objects among others on their victims as opposed to the 15% of men (Vernick 15-23). Majority of victims in violent relationships opt to divorce their partners, but there are those who opt to remain in such relationships despite the hardships. A person who has never experienced such violence may wonder why a person in his or her right mind may wish to stay in such a relationship; however, there are reasons as to why this happens. This paper is a critical evaluation of why people stay in abusive relationships. Discussion Penia notes that â€Å"In an abusive relationship, ab usive language, violence, threats, sexual coercion and unfulfilled duties and promises are common† (20). ... The deprivation of basic needs is also a common means of achieving the same ends. As a result, the victim gradually wears out physically and emotionally. With time, the victim loses body strength, fails to attentively concentrate on his or her work, suffers bouts of depression and trauma, health problems arise due to poor appetite and constant worry, and the victim loses morale. As the victim weakens, the perpetrator’s control increases and acts of aggression increase in intensity and severity. Acts of aggression are focused on the victim or the designated prey of the attack, but in other instances they may be directed towards a close relative. In both cases, domination over the victim is the key objective of the perpetrator. One such example of indirect domestic abuse is verbal insults and dehumanizing treatment directed towards the victim’s close relative. Abusive relationships do not discriminate. This is to mean that they don’t have demographic boundaries or preferences. Volpe indicates that â€Å"For one, gay individuals are at the same risk of aggressive relationships and abuse as are heterosexual couples† (8). Therefore, abusive relationships have the same prevalence of occurrence within different races, economic standing, societal status, degree of literacy, and so forth. Women are considered as the weaker sex and hence are more susceptible to victimization than men. However, cases of male victims are also common, especially in verbal and emotional abuse. Psychologists indicate that the emotional abuse that results from abusive relationships is as damaging and detrimental to the victim as the physical abuse. Effects of the emotional abuse have

Victory Spirit Essay Example for Free

Victory Spirit Essay William Safire and James Wood are two different people, with different ideas, different views, but do have similar writing styles. In William Safire’s â€Å"A Spirit Reborn† he talks about the Gettysburg Address in comparison to 9/11 and he also analyzes the Gettysburg Address in more depth and has a specific purpose for writing his article. On the other hand in James Wood’s â€Å"Victory Speech† he talks about how President Obama flowed through different things, Wood also analyzes certain details of Obama’s speech, and offers some critique. â€Å"Now, as then, a national spirit rose from the ashes of destruction† (Safire 41). The Gettysburg Address was given after a horrible incident, with very tragic losses. By going through these destructive events, our nation becomes stronger, and more bonded together. After 9/11, the Gettysburg Address was reborn to bring us remembrance, togetherness and encouragement through tough times. In his essay, Safire states that 9/11 was â€Å"the worst bloodbath on our territory since Antietam Creek† (41). By bringing back past events such as the battle of Antietam, Safire probably strikes a lot of strong emotion from his readers by using it in comparison to 9/11. To reuse a speech such as the Gettysburg Address at a time such as after 9/11 was unlikely to be thought of, since they were two different events, 138 years apart. In Safire’s article in the New York Times, he analyzes the Gettysburg Address in more detail. He talks about how â€Å"you will hear the word dedicate five times† (Safire 42), and what each one of them stand for. For example, he says the first two refer to â€Å"the nation’s dedication to two ideals mentioned in the Declaration of Independence†¦ ‘Liberty’†¦ ‘that all men are created equal† (Safire 42). The third is pointed towards a certain blessing of the location of the battle of Gettysburg, and the fourth and fifth dedications are directed back to the thoughts of liberty and that all men are created equal, for which the deceased men of the battle fought for. Safire also notices that â€Å"the speech is grounded it conception, birth, death, and rebirth† (42). He mentions some specific quotes such as â€Å"The nation was ‘conceived in liberty’†¦ delivered into life – by ‘our fathers† (Safire 42). He also brings up death and re-birth by pulling more quotes from Lincoln’s memorable speech. Safire does not want us to â€Å"listen to only Lincoln’s famous words and comforting cadences† (43). Instead he wants us to remember the message Lincoln was giving to us, he wants us to appreciate the deceased and the missing, and wants to remind us that â€Å"this generation’s response to the deaths of thousands of our people leads to ‘a new birth of freedom† (Safire 43). â€Å"First he moved through the people†¦ Then he moved through the country†¦ then he moved through time† (Wood 611). The purpose Wood says for Obama doing this; was â€Å"to bind those wounds by binding us together† (611). By bringing people from different ages, orientation and gender, from different states and cities, Obama hopes to bring our nation back together as one nation. He also mentions how Ann Nixon Cooper, who is one hundred and six years old, had voted using just a finger, to show how the times have changed. Wood analyzes some details of Obama’s speech, such as how â€Å"Yes we can† changed to â€Å"Yes we did† and â€Å"Yes we may†. Noticing the impact those few words had on the crowd by saying it was â€Å"extraordinarily moving in its sobriety† (Wood 611). Wood also mentions how he added it to past tense, using a note of being uncertain. He also draws attention to Obama’s use of the word promise, after Obama says â€Å"I promise you – we as people will get there† in reference to a hard road to get to change. Wood says the word promise is used in acknowledgement to Martin Luther King’s speech from Memphis, King says â€Å"and I’ve seen the Promised Land, I may not get there with you† but Obama knows he will indeed get where we are going. In the beginning of Wood’s â€Å"Victory Speech† he talks about how â€Å"last Tuesday night was a very good night for the English language† (610). Since James Wood is a critic, it is only fitting that he give some feed-back on Barrack Obama’s speech. He says that â€Å"many of us would have watched in tears as President-elect Obama had just thanked his campaign staff and shuffled off to bed† (Wood 610). Wood says that his speech was filled with such history and emotion, that if he just grumbled thanks, American would not be satisfied. In the end both Safire and Wood had analyzed two different speeches in depth, but Safire had a specific purpose for doing so, to bring emotion, while Wood critiqued. There were a lot of differences, but some similarities, not many, but some.

Changes to Bone Density Throughout the Lifespan

Changes to Bone Density Throughout the Lifespan Bone age is defines as maturity of children’s bone. It is the average age at which the child bones matures, after the birth in the long bones only metaphyses is there (eg: radius and ulna, Humerus, tibia, femur, fibula, phalanges). In long bones initially there is elongation of epiphysis. As the age progress the calcification of epiphyses occurs and it is evident on the x-ray. During puberty the bone development progress due to various hormones. The adult height is achieved after the puberty and the shape of adult bones appears during this period. The cartilaginous part of epiphyses become thinner and these areas become obliterated, during this time epiphyses are closed and no further growth of bones occurs. X-ray of wrist is taken because it depicts multiple bones and it can be compared with standard atlas of bones by using Greulich and Pyle method. The bones which occurs common changes as the age progress from infant age is seen maximum in pelvis and shoulder, the least changes are seen in wrist of infants. During infancy if the assessment of bone is required the wrist or hand x-ray can be done. The height possibility can be calculated with the help of height of the child and bone age. Various graphs and statistics are prepared to depict the % if height growth remaining as per the bone age. Various tables for girls and boys are available (bayley pinneau tables, Greulich pyle atlas). Constitution growth delay: Normal development variation with delayed bone maturation. It is due to growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism. Measurement of bone age is used for reliability in diagnosis of endocrine diseases and hereditary disease Bone age evaluation is usually done by radiological examination of the skeletal development of the left-hand, and then it is compared with the chronological age. Any abnormality in between these two values indicates abnormalities. This examination is used due 1) simplicity, 2) a minimum radiation exposure; 3) ossification centres are easily available. There is no standard clinical procedure in bone age assessment, even if the most used methods are: 1) the Greulich and Pyle (GP) method and 2) the Tanner and Whitehouse (TW2 or TW3) methods. Both methods rely on X-Ray images taken from the left hand, but both methods have differences. The Greulich and Pyle method is the most often used approach (by 76% of radiologists), because it is faster and easier to use with respect to the TW2 or TW3 methods, since it involves only the comparison of the whole hand with a reference atlas. TW3 method is a commonly accepted procedure in which the guidelines to analyze each bone are de-scribed using words (natural language descriptions), sometimes in a vague way. In addition, one particular bone may show features belonging to different stages or a particular bone shape could be classifiable into two possible predefined labels of the same feature. Bone age assessment automatic process. Image source: S. Aja-Ferna_ndez et al. / Journal of Biomedical Informatics 37 (2004) 99–107 TW3 methodology for bone age assessment consists of a set of rules, expressed in natural language, to describe the prototypical characteristics of the bones of a hand radiograph as they evolve in time. Natural solution is to use the method itself, i.e., to build one classifier for each bone, with 9 outputs (the possible classification stages for each bone—A,B,. . .,I—), except for the ulna, which only has 8 stages. In TW3 method there are two possible analytic schemes, 1) RUS, uses 13 bones (the phalanges, radius, and ulna). The other one uses 20 bones (the 13 bones previously defined and the 7 bones of the carpal region). Maturity stage for each bone in TW3 is calculated from linguistic statements. Stage D. The maximum diameter is half or more the width of the metaphysis. The epiphysis has broadened chiefly at its lateral side, so that this portion is thicker and more rounded the medial portion more tapering. The center third of the proximal surface is flat and slightl y thickened and the gap between it and the radial metaphysis has narrowed to about a millimeter. Stage G. The dorsal surface now has distinct scaphoid lunate articular edges. The medial border of the epiphysis has developed pal-mar and dorsal surfaces for articulation with the ulnar epiphysis; either the palmar or the dorsal surface may be the one that projects medially, depending on the position of the wrist. Overall, six features can be defined that capture all the text information, so they are sufficient to define each possible state. Epiphysis is absent or present. If it is absent, the output stage is A. If it is present but is small and hardly visible, the output stage is B. If it is present and well-visible, the output stages are from C to I. Separation. Relative position of epiphysis and me-taphysis: separated (stages B, C, D, E, F, and G), cap-ping (stage H), or fusion has begun (stage I). Shape of epiphysis I. Oval (stage C) or sharp (stages D–I). Diameters. Ratio between diameters of metaphysis and epiphysis. Shape II. A ‘‘sharp’’ epiphysis can have a regular outline (stages D and E), can be adapted to the metaphysis shape (stage F), or can have the articulations form (stages G, H, and I).Surfaces. Representation of inner surfaces. They can be absent (stages B, C, and D) or present as a white line (stage E), two white lines (stage F) or a c-shaped surface (stages G, H, and I). The feature values for each stage are shown in the table: Stage Presence Separ. Shape I Diam. Shape IISurf. No B Small (Yes) (oval) > 2 (no) C Yes Yes oval > 2 no D Yes Yes sharp 6 2 regular no E Yes Yes sharp 6 2 regular 1 line F Yes Yes sharp 6 2 adapted 2 lines G Yes Yes sharp 6 2 articulation c-shape H Yes capping sharp 6 2 articulation c-shape I Yes fusion sharp 6 2 articulation c-shape However, these features are not independent. As a matter of fact, some of the features are self-excluding: Shape II only takes on values when Shape I is sharp and Separation is only defined for a present epiphysis. Consequently, these features can be merged, a fact which contributes to simplify the classifier. After the fusion process, the resulting feature set is: Epiphysis. Absent or small and, otherwise, what matters is its relative position with respect to the metaphysis (separated, capping, fusion).Shape. Outline shape of the epiphysis (oval, regular-sharp, adapted-sharp, articulated-sharp).Diameters. Ratio between metaphysis and epiphysis diameters. Surfaces. Inner surfaces (absent, 1-line, 2-lines, c-shape). The new features values for each stage are now: Stage Epiphysis Diameters Shape Surfaces A Absent 1 (oval) (absent) B Small 2 (oval) (absent) C Separated > 2 oval absent D Separated 6 2 regular sharp absent E Separated regular sharp 1 line F Separated adapted sharp 2 lines G Separated _ 1 articulation-sharp c-shape H Capping _ 1 articulation-sharp c-shape I Fusion _ 1 articulation-sharp c-shape Advance bone age: Prolonged increased in sex steroids production levels: CAH (congenital adrenal hyperplasia) Precocious puberty Genetic overgrowth syndromes: Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome Marshall Smith syndrome Sotos syndrome

Interest Groups and Political Parties Essay example -- Government Poli

Interest Groups and Political Parties The â€Å"advocacy explosion† in the United States in the 20th century has been caused by the extreme increase in the number of interest groups in the United States. The general public views the increase and the groups themselves as a cancer that has come to the body of American politics and is spreading. The explosion in the number of interest groups and interest group members and finances has had an effect on the decline of the American political party and partisanship, the effect on democracy and the public interest, and the bias that has come with interest group competition. The advocacy explosion is strongly linked to the decline of the American political party and the role of the political parties in elections. As interest groups have gained more power and had a larger control over politics and political goods the power that is exerted by political parties has dwindled. The power of the interest group has grown larger with the amount of members and the financial rewards that have come with the new members. In elections interest groups do not usually participate directly with the candidate or the election. Berry points out that â€Å"Groups often try to leverage their endorsement to obtain support for one of their priorities† (Berry, 53). With interest groups spreading their resources around the actual election can be affected very minimally by the many interest groups that contribute money to the election. However, the candidates who obtain political office through the help of special interest money still owe some sort of loyalty to th e interest group regardless of which party wins the election. This loyalty and the promise of more money in the future gives the elected of... ...the rise of the American public being able to voice there specific opinion about a topic. The rise in the number of interest groups has caused a definite effect on the public interest, and given more power to some groups. Big business has been the most successful at using interest groups to their advantage, however, in the changing political structure other organization will gain prominence and be able to, like big business, get their own view passed into law. The opinion of these groups may or may not be the opinion of the average American voter, but the use of interest groups gives everyone the chance to get the maximum political influence for their dollar. Bibliography Berry, Jeffrey. (1997). The Interest Group Society. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Inc. Schier, Steven. (2000). By Invitation Only. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Mending Wall by Robert Frost Essay -- Mending Wall Robert Frost Poem E

â€Å"Mending Wall† by Robert Frost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mending Wall† by Robert Frost is a poem in which the characteristics of vocabulary, rhythm and other aspects of poetic technique combine in a fashion that articulates, in detail, the experience and the opposing convictions that the poem describes and discusses. The ordinariness of the rural activity is presented in specific description, and as so often is found in Frost’s poems, the unprepossessing undertaking has much larger implications. Yet his consideration of these does not disturb the qualities of accessible language and technique, which give the poem its unique flavor and persuasiveness. The poem works on two levels of realism and metaphor, with a balance as poised as the act of mending the all itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (themes) Perhaps one of the reasons that Frost remains one the best known and best loved American poets is that his themes are universal and attractive. They offer the reader affirmative resolutions for the conflicts dramatized in his life and his poetry. Readers, whether young or old, waging their own struggles against the constant threat of chaos in their life, find comfort and encouragement in many of Frost’s lines which are so cherished that they have become familiar quotations: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors†, â€Å"Miles to go before I sleep.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (theme) â€Å"Mending Wall† is about boundaries. Frost, in a personal evaluation of this poem stated, â€Å"Nationality is something I couldn’t live without. I played exactly fair in it. Twice I say ‘Good fences’, twice I say ‘Something there is—‘. While giving a reading of his poetry in Santa Fe, Frost called the â€Å"Mending Wall† ‘too New Englandish’ and that mending wall is an occupation he used to follow. The neighbor in the poem is not a Yankee as represented, but is actually A French-Canadian who was very particular every spring about setting up the wall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (theme/subject) Frost often stated that he felt ‘spoken to’ by nature. He called these incidents ‘nature favors’ and these favors served as inceptors of his poems. Many people refer to him as a nature poet, however there is always a person, a character in his nature poetry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (subject/setting) Frost always claimed he wasn’t a nature poet and that there is almost always a person in the poem and that the poem is about the person, not about nature, which is usually beautifully described. Nature se... ...ngs). Something refers to a big, unknown unspeakable force – God? (expand on this). Or it could refer to the fact that in New England the frost heaves the ground in the winter, much as ice cubes swell up. Anything made of stone or brick suffers because of the upward pressure. Also: In actuality, stone walls were never built between properties. As farmers would plow their fields the stone were unearthed and carried to the property line and dumped. I’m sure Frost was aware of these facts but didn’t really care about how the physical wall came about, for he uses this wall only in the metaphoric sense to describe the way we wall ourselves in, while not knowing what we might be walling out. In Mending Wall Frost has recognized the existence of a force that sends a powerful emotion, a groundswell under the barriers that human beings create around themselves in an attempt to break these barriers down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mending Wall has a man who both builds and repairs the wall, as well as works to topple the wall. He makes boundaries while at the same time trying to break them. That’s part of what makes this poem universally acceptable and enjoyable. Frost has described all of mankind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Fashion and Social Media Essay

Due to the changes in technology British luxury brand Burberry has changed its global product and marketing strategy. Burberry is using social media to reposition and better market its product. For small fashion companies like 3. 1 Phillip Lim the use of social media to generate business internationally can be harmful to its reputation. I will discuss the pros and cons each company could face while using social media to generate business internationally. Burberry was founded in 1856 by Thomas Burberry, who opened his first store in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England. By 1870 the business had established itself by focusing on the developing of outdoor attire. Burberry is most famous for its trench coat. The company has branded stores and franchises around the world, and also sells through concessions in third-party stores. Queen Elizabeth II and The Prince of Wales have granted the company Royal Warrants. Royal warrants give companies the right to advertise the goods and services that they provide to the royal family. According to Business Weekly, Burberry is one of the most valuable brands in the world. For Burberry to maintain its presents in the fashion industry they have to be the forerunner when it comes to marketing. Today fashion designers are currently working on their spring collection for 2013. Technology has changed the way the fashion industry markets products. A collection of clothing that is presented by a company is created two years before it hits stores. Before a collection makes it to fashion week, samples of the designs are made and approved by the staff of the designer. A company would then showcase the designer’s collection at small private venues for a critique from potential buyers. Finally, The Fashion Company presents its collection to the world at fashion week. The response from the fashion show determines where that product will be placed, the price point and its exclusiveness. The problem with this way of marketing is forecasting. Fashion week occurs in New York, Milan, Paris and London. If you do not have a ticket to the fashion shows in any of these countries you can forget about a sneak peek at the â€Å"the future fashion†. Those who attend fashion week determine the look of the â€Å"masses†. Based on the response from the audience and press’s feedback fashion companies would have to predict how many units of each product would be produced. This number is determined one year before the product is placed on shelves. The decision of how many units of a product a company should make is vital to a fashion company. The last thing any company would want is to have inventory from a previous year on hand. Today, Burberry has come up with the perfect solution through social media. During Burberry’s Spring/Summer 2012 Fashion Show that aired September 19, 2011, Burberry also launched their first â€Å"Tweetwalk. The company premiered every look on Twitter moments before the models hit the runway. This action created a huge amount of interest on Twitter, both â€Å"#Burberry† and â€Å"Christopher Bailey† (Chief Creative Officer) trended worldwide. Conversations about the brand peaked shortly after the show began hitting number two on the global trending charts and breaking Burberry’s personal mentions-per-minute record (Indvik 2011). Instead of dictating the trends, brands are throwing the ball into the consumer’s court. Burberry now participates in crowd-sourcing. Crow-sourcing allows your audience to decide on your product through the use of social media, forums, and high-tech web customizing programs. This action illuminates the prediction of the amounts of units to produce as a company. Broadcasting a runway show through Twitter gives instant feedback to Burberry about what their customers want. Not only are they finding out what their customers want and providing that need, they are allowing their customer the opportunity to dictate the future of fashion with the option of customizing the products that are produced. The customers can begin placing orders during the fashion show. Earlier this year, for a show in Beijing, Burberry introduced a 3D holographic runway. Christopher Bailey states, â€Å"Burberry is now as much a media-content company as we are a design company. † Baily believes that the online experience Burberry has developed on its own behalf doesn’t detract from or diminish the role of traditional media, but provides another channel for consumers to experience the brand. He believes a brand is not a product, it’s and experience as well, and experiences need to come from the center of a community. Burberry uses all those platforms to communicate to all of their different communities around the world about what they are doing (Indvik 2011). Burberry believes that digital communication and technology are part of the way everybody lives. Burberry is a 155-year-old company with a very young team, for any company to last that long they would have to accept and adapt to the changes in technology. For small companies like 3. 1 Phillip Lim the use of social media to generate business internationally can be harmful to its reputation. . 1 Phillip Lim was a global company from day one. The first collection for fall 2005 womenswear, was sold in 20 countries. Within six months, sales reached $2. 8 million. Today, there are 60 full-time employees and retail flagships in New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Seoul, and Singapore. A Hong Kong store is in the works. His New York headquarters has outgrown its Garment District digs and will move, in November, to a 25,000 square foot SoHo loft (Chang 2011). Lim states, â€Å"I want my work to speak for me. He is elusive, shy and distant as a person and he wants his brand to represent him. He isn’t caught up in the red carpets, paparazzi or social media. His main focuses are his designs and presentations for fashion shows. The company has a profile on Facebook that only post upcoming events and a brief history of the company. There aren’t any wall posts or comments on designs from consumers. The page isn’t maintained or up dated daily with posts. Burberry posts something new every week, you can shop from their page and they allow they’re friends to comment. . 1 Phillip Lim is still new to the fashion Industry compared to Burberry. 3. 1 Phillip Lim can’t afford negative press. Any negative press can affect their position in the market. The company is still growing and they’re not where they want to be. Indulging in social media sites like Facebook and Twitter isn’t the company’s focus. Whereas, Burberry has the leverage to do what they want because of the relationships they built with their customers. If Burberry had negative press it would not outweigh the positive.

Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded in Truth

Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded In Truth Has anyone ever said that ‘unicorns exist in real life and that they have seen them’? Or that they ‘felt hot while it was snowing’? Or that ‘cats can bark like dogs’? Clearly there is no truth to these statements. This is simply because unicorns do not exist in real life, you cannot feel hot if it is snowing, and that cats simply cannot bark like dogs. Life cannot exist without water, what goes up must come down, and similarly any statement which is accepted by thousands of other people must have some hint of truth to it.As Kanazawa says â€Å"Many stereotypes are empirical generalizations with a statistical basis and thus on average tends to be true. If they are not true, they would not be stereotypes† (â€Å"The Scientific Fundamentalist†). Although some people argue that stereotypes are just over generalizations, and that people use them to perceive the stereotyped groups†™ characteristics, most stereotypes are true as what is generally accepted in society must be somehow grounded in reality. Moreover, many stereotypes have been proven by science, and conducted psychological studies such as stereotype threat.People who believe that stereotypes are false, argue that stereotypes are just over generalizations. They argue that stereotypes represent just a small minority of the group being stereotyped against. They give the example of the stereotype that â€Å"all blondes are dumb. † And state that while some blondes may be dumb, not all of them are, in fact many are quite smart. They say that one's hair color has no effect on ones intellectual capability. While this may be true for some of the stereotypes, many of the stereotypes actually represent the majority of the group being stereotyped.For example the stereotype that ‘college educated people have bigger incomes than those who have only completed high school’ is a valid assessm ent. Yes, this might be true in some cases. But as proven by the â€Å"The College Payoff† a report published by the Georgetown University, while there might be a small handful of people who are only high school educated and who earn more than many of the college educated people, still most of the college educated people have a higher salary then high school educated people (Carnevale, Rose, and cheah â€Å"the college payoff†).So although there may be some stereotypes that are false or depict over generalization, most of the stereotypes in fact are based on assessments and actions of the majority of the group being stereotyped. Furthermore, people who argue that stereotypes are false state that people continue to cling on to stereotypes because it is quick and comfortable. It allows people to think they are gathering information about other people, without having to stop and actually spend time understanding the person or groups true personality. They claim that becau se of this many of the people or groups are misunderstood.However, what these people do not realize is that many of these stereotypes quite rightly show some of the traits of the group or individual being stereotyped. An example is the stereotype, ‘Jews are adept money handlers'. The fact is that this stereotype is true to quite a great extent. According to ‘The Weakonomics’, â€Å"you see an overwhelming representation of Jewish people within industries that revolve around the exchange of money†¦ Not only have they dominated finance†¦ † (â€Å"Why Do We Associate Jews with Money? †). While some of the Jews are either lawyers or doctors, most of them are in a field related to finance such as banking.In fact most of the people in top positions related to finance are Jews like the treasurer of the United States, and the Secretary of the Treasury. In fact most of the people running the American Treasury happen to be Jewish. Another example is the stereotype that Asians are smart and studious. Some people say Asians are smart because they are taught differently in their home country, others claim that Asians are smart because they are very studious, and still others say that Asians are studious because they feel academically at a loss when they come to foreign places to study and to compensate study harder.Whatever may be the reason, the truth remains that Asians are smarter and more studious than most of people. Thus, while some stereotypes might contain some discrepancies, most of the stereotypes show the truth about the group being stereotyped. Stereotypes do not just come out of thin air; they were based on actual observations of people or their actions. An event must have occurred to have that formed these stereotypes.For example according to Meltzoff, Cvencek and Greenwald, the stereotype that boys are better in math then girls forms almost as early as second grade when boys start to associate with math and start do ing better than girls in the subject (766-799). In fact all of the stereotypes have evolved from an origin. The stereotype that ‘blacks are good at sports’ came about because in almost every sport there is a black athlete who dominates the others. As sports sociologist Ben Carrington points out, at the beginning of the 20th century, whites were considered to be superior to blacks intellectually, aesthetically and even physically.However by the 1930s, this logic began to change as blacks started to be viewed as physically superior to whites in matters related to sports (Interview of Carrington, University of Texas). Another example is the stereotype that ‘Italian men are very romantic’. This stereotype exists because of the Italians' constant flirting with girls and their traditions which involve kissing a girl on her hand as a greeting. As Megalio says, Italian men â€Å"tell you that you're beautiful and really mean it, feed you to show their affection, c ry rarely but genuinely and work hard in honor of the woman they love† (â€Å"Why Women Can't Get Enough of Them†).Another example is the stereotype that ‘Italian men have an unhealthy obsession with their mothers. ‘ According to Pike and Allen; married or not, one in three Italian men sees his mother every day (The Guardian). Thus, stereotypes are formed based on history and statistics, but in order to survive they must be regularly reinforced. While there might be some stereotypes that do not apply to the majority of the group being stereotyped against, or are exaggerated truths, many of the stereotypes have in fact been proven by science.For example, according to Susan, quite a lot of gender stereotypes have been proven to be true by science (â€Å"Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True†). These stereotypes include ‘Women Love to Talk’ and ‘men are comparatively color blind’. As per the stereotype women love to talk , Susan talks about how the areas of the brain responsible for language are larger in women than men, and how the female brain processes language in both hemispheres of the brain (â€Å"Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True†).Moreover, regarding the stereotype ‘men are comparatively color blind', Susan talks about how the gene for seeing red is carried by the X-chromosome, and men have one X-chromosome while women have two, which puts men at a disadvantage at seeing the color spectrum (â€Å"Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True†). Another example is the stereotype that black people can't swim. In the first of its kind survey by USA swimming, it found that nearly 60% of black children have not been given aquatic training. (Quoted. in msnbc).Therefore, as we can see from the examples given, many stereotypes have actually been proven by science to be true and are hence more than just exaggerated truths. Lastly, another way in which stereotypes are t rue is the fact that they actually reinforce stereotypical behavior. This phenomenon is known as stereotype threat, whereby an individual is constantly exposed to negative images of his/her racial or ethnic group, this person starts to accept the same social and personal characteristics of these images as self characteristic.In fact psychologists, Steve and Aronson, conducted several experiments in which they proved that the phenomenon of stereotype threat does exist. When female participants were primed before a test of not being as smart as their male counterparts, their scores were significantly lower as compared to when the women were led to believe the tests did not reflect these stereotypes(â€Å"A threat in the air† 613-629). The same experiment was run again using African-Americans and Americans with the same results (â€Å"Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance† 797-811). Thus proving that the person acts like the way he/she was stereotyped to be.Stereotypes might be flattering or insulting. They might have positive effects or negative ones. But at the end of the day the fact remains that most of the stereotypes are true because they are grounded in actual observations of people, they have been proven by science, and because of the concept of stereotype threat. As David Cronenberg says â€Å"All stereotypes turn out to be true. This is a horrifying thing about life. All those things you fought against as a youth: you begin to realize they're stereotypes because they're true. † Therefore, just as smoke cannot exist without fire, stereotypes cannot exist without truth.Works Cited Kanazawa, Satoshi. â€Å"The Scientific Fundamentalist. † Psychology Today. 24 April 2008. Web. 12th March 2012 ;http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/the-scientific-fundamentalist/200804/all-stereotypes-are-true-except-i-what-are-stereotypes;. Carnevale, Anthony P.. Rose, Stephen J.. Cheah, Ban. â€Å"The College Payoff†. Geo rgetown University Center for Education and the Workforce. 5th August 2011. Print. ; http://cew. georgetown. edu/collegepayoff/; â€Å"Why Do We Associate Jews With Money? † The Weakonomics. 27th July 2009. Web. 12th march 2012 ; http://weakonomics. om/2009/07/27/why-do-we-associate-jews-with-money/ ; Cvencek, D. , Meltzoff, A. N. and Greenwald, A. G. (2011), â€Å"Math–Gender Stereotypes in Elementary School Children Child Development†, 82: 766–779. ;http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2010. 01529. x/abstract; Blacks, Sports and Lingering Racial Stereotypes: A Q;A with Sports Sociologist Ben Carrington. Interview by University of Texas. 25th August 2010. Web. 12th march 2012. ;http://www. utexas. edu/opa/blogs/shelflife/2010/08/25/blacks-sports-and-lingering-racial-stereotypes-a-qa-with-sports-sociologist-ben-carrington/;Meglio, Francesca Di, â€Å"Italian Men: Why Women Can't Get Enough of Them†?. Our Paesani. Web. 12th ma rch 2012. Pike, Rebecca; Allen, Carmel. â€Å"Mamma mia†. The Guardian. 14th May 2002. Web. 12th March 2012. < http://www. guardian. co. uk/world/2002/may/14/gender. uk> H. Susan. â€Å"6 Absurd Gender Stereotypes (That Science Says Are True)†. 10th May 2010. Web. 12th March 2012. â€Å"Nearly 60 percent of black children can't swim†.Associated Press. Msnbc. 5th January 2008. Web. March 12th 2012. ;http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/24411271/ns/health-childrens_health/t/nearly-percent-black-children-cant-swim/#. T2CsyBHxrNl; Steele, C. M. â€Å"A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance†. American Psychologist. 1997. Print. 52, 613-629. Steele, C. M. , and Aronson, J. â€Å"Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African-Americans†. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995. Print. 69, 797-811. Cronenberg, David. Brainy Quote. Web.